Muaj ntau ntau hom sealing gaskets, thiab gaskets ua los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv muaj cov kev siv sib txawv thiab kev ua haujlwm sib txawv. Yog li cov khoom twg zoo dua? Yuav xaiv tshwj xeeb li cas? Tus editor tau xaiv 8 hom sealing gaskets rau kev txheeb xyuas thiab sib piv. Tsuas yog los ntawm kev nkag siab txog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws peb tuaj yeem xaiv qhov tseeb dua!
1. Muaj cov ntawv roj hmab
Cov roj hmab ntuj tsim nyog rau kev tshaj tawm xws li dej, dej hiav txwv, huab cua, inert gases, alkalis, ntsev dej, thiab lwm yam, tab sis nws tsis tiv taus cov ntxhia roj thiab cov kuab tshuaj tsis muaj polar. Nws siv sijhawm ntev kub tsis tshaj 90 degree, thiab nws qhov kev ua haujlwm kub qis yog qhov zoo heev. Nws tuaj yeem siv siab dua -60 degree .
Nitrile roj hmab yog tsim rau cov khoom siv roj av xws li roj av, lubricating roj, roj roj, thiab lwm yam. Nws siv tau ntev yog 120 degree, thiab nws tuaj yeem tiv taus 150 degree hauv cov roj kub, nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm -10 ~ -20 degree .
Chloroprene roj hmab yog tsim rau seawater, tsis muaj zog acids, tsis muaj zog hauv paus, thiab ntsev tov. Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau oxygen thiab ozone kev laus, thiab nws cov roj kuj tsis zoo rau cov roj hmab nitrile tab sis zoo dua rau lwm cov roj hmab. Nws siv sijhawm ntev kub yog qis dua 90 degree, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws siv tsis tshaj 130 degree. Qhov ntsuas kub tsawg yog -30 ~ -50 degree .
Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm fluororubber, txhua tus muaj cov kua qaub thiab oxidation zoo heev, nrog rau cov roj thiab cov kuab tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws tuaj yeem siv tau rau hauv yuav luag txhua qhov kev tshaj tawm acidic nrog rau qee cov roj thiab cov kuab tshuaj, nrog rau kev siv lub sijhawm ntev kub hauv qab 200 degree.
Cov ntawv roj hmab feem ntau yog siv los ua flange gasket rau cov kav dej los yog nquag disassembled manholes thiab handholes, nrog lub siab tsis tshaj 1.568MPa. Ntawm ntau hom gaskets, roj hmab gaskets yog softest thiab muaj kev ua tau zoo adhesion, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav sealing nyhuv nrog me me ua ntej zawm quab yuam. Yog li ntawd, thaum raug rau sab hauv siab, lub gasket yog nquag extrusion vim nws thickness los yog tsawg hardness.
Cov ntaub ntawv roj hmab siv hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic xws li benzene, ketones, thiab ethers yog qhov ua rau o, hnyav nce, softening, thiab sticking, ua rau lub foob tsis ua hauj lwm. Feem ntau, yog tias qhov o ntawm qib siab tshaj 30%, nws siv tsis tau.
Nyob rau hauv qhov tsis tshua muaj siab (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qis dua 0.6MPa) thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev, nws tsim nyog siv cov ntaub qhwv roj hmab. Cov khoom siv roj hmab muaj qhov ntom ntom zoo thiab tsis muaj cua permeability. Piv txwv li, fluororubber yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws sealing gasket rau lub tshuab nqus tsev ntim, nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev siab tshaj plaws ntawm 1.3 × 10-7Pa. Thaum siv cov khoom siv roj hmab hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev ntawm 10-1~10-7Pa, lawv yuav tsum tau ci thiab khiav tawm.
2. Asbestos roj hmab ntawv
Tus nqi qis dua piv rau lwm cov gaskets, yooj yim siv; Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws yog tias txawm tias cov roj hmab thiab qee qhov muab tso rau hauv cov khoom siv gasket, lawv tseem tsis tuaj yeem ua kom tiav cov qhov me me sib cuam tshuam, ua rau muaj kab mob nkag mus. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov xov xwm uas muaj kuab lom heev txawm tias lub siab thiab qhov kub tsis siab. Thaum siv nyob rau hauv ib co high-temperature roj xov xwm, feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej theem ntawm kev siv, vim cov carbonization ntawm roj hmab thiab muab tub lim, lub zog txo, cov khoom yuav xoob, thiab infiltration tshwm sim ntawm lub interface thiab nyob rau hauv lub gasket, ua rau coking. thiab haus luam yeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv roj hmab asbestos tuaj yeem ua rau cov flange sealing nto ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, uas ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau rau kev hloov gaskets.
Kev siv siab ntawm gaskets nyob rau hauv ntau yam xov xwm nyob rau hauv cov cua kub tej yam kev mob nyob ntawm lub zog tuav tus nqi ntawm cov khoom gasket. Crystalline dej thiab dej adsorbed muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv fiber ntau asbestos. Ntawm 110 degree, 2/3 ntawm cov dej adsorbed ntawm fibers twb precipitated, thiab tensile zog ntawm fibers txo los ntawm li 10%; Ntawm 368 degree, tag nrho cov dej adsorbed precipitates, thiab lub zog tensile ntawm fibers txo los ntawm 20%; Tshaj li 500 degree, crystal dej pib los nag thiab lub zog txo.
Qhov nruab nrab kuj muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau lub zog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv asbestos. Cov ntaub ntawv roj hmab asbestos muaj chloride ions thiab sulfides, uas tuaj yeem yooj yim corrode lub roj teeb qub nrog hlau flanges tom qab nqus dej. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, cov ntsiab lus sulfur nyob rau hauv cov roj resistant asbestos roj hmab nplooj ntawv yog ob peb lub sij hawm siab tshaj nyob rau hauv zoo tib yam asbestos roj hmab los xij, yog li ntawd lawv tsis haum rau siv nyob rau hauv tsis oily media. Gaskets yuav o nyob rau hauv cov roj thiab hnyav xov xwm, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ntau yam, nws muaj me ntsis cuam tshuam rau sealing kev ua tau zoo. Piv txwv li, 400 roj resistant asbestos roj hmab daim ntawv yog raug rau ib tug 24- teev immersion xeem nyob rau hauv ambient kub aviation roj, nrog rau ib tug yuav tsum tau kom nce nyob rau hauv cov roj nqus qhov hnyav yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 15%.
3. Polytetrafluoroethylene
Polytetrafluoroethylene yog nquag ua kom txias txaus thiab nkag mus rau hauv siab thiab kub siab, yog li nws feem ntau yog siv rau hauv qhov tsis tshua muaj siab, nruab nrab kub, muaj zog corrosive, thiab tsis muaj kuab paug tawm xws li muaj zog acids, muaj zog hauv paus, halogens, tshuaj, thiab lwm yam. Kev khiav hauj lwm kub yog 150 degree thiab lub siab yog qis dua 1MPa. Txawm hais tias ntim nrog polytetrafluoroethylene muaj zog dua, nws qhov kub thiab txias tsis pub tshaj 200 degree, thiab nws cov corrosion kuj txo. Qhov siab tshaj plaws kev khiav hauj lwm siab ntawm polytetrafluoroethylene pads feem ntau tsis tshaj 2MPa.
Vim qhov kub thiab txias, cov khoom siv nkag mus, ua rau muaj qhov txo qis hauv kev sib khi. Txawm tias tsis muaj cua sov, raws li lub sij hawm mus, lub compressive kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub sealing nto yuav txo, uas ua rau ib tug "kev nyuaj siab so phenomenon". Qhov tshwm sim no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau yam gaskets, tab sis qhov kev ntxhov siab so tshwm sim ntawm PTFE gaskets hnyav dua thiab yuav tsum tau sau tseg.
Kev sib txhuam coefficient ntawm polytetrafluoroethylene kuj yog me me (nrog rau kev ntxhov siab ntau dua 4MPa thiab kev sib txhuam coefficient ntawm 0035-0.04), thiab gasket yog nquag zawv zawg tawm sab nraud thaum ua ntej nruj, yog li nws Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv lub concave convex flange nto. Thaum siv lub flange tiaj tus, sab nraud ntawm lub gasket tuaj yeem tiv nrog lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj los tiv thaiv lub gasket los ntawm zawv zawg sab nraud.
Vim lub fact tias cov khoom siv enamel yog tsim los ntawm kev txau ib txheej ntawm cov plooj (porcelain glaze) ntawm cov hlau nto thiab sintering nws, cov txheej glaze yog nkig heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev txau thiab ntws ntawm cov txheej glaze ua rau tsis zoo ntawm lub flange nto. Kev siv cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem glaze tau yooj yim, yog li nws raug pom zoo kom siv PTFE ncoo nrog asbestos board thiab roj hmab ua cov khoom tseem ceeb. Hom cushion no yooj yim rau kev ua raws li flange nto thiab corrosion-resistant, nrog kev ua tau zoo.
Ntau lub chaw tsim khoom siv cov ntaub ntawv roj hmab asbestos qhwv nrog polytetrafluoroethylene daim kab xev hauv cov xov xwm corrosive uas tsis tshua muaj kub thiab siab, uas yog siv rau ntawm manholes thiab cov kav dej uas nquag disassembled. Vim nws yooj yim ntau lawm thiab siv, nws yog heev nrov.
4. Asbestos resin board thiab impregnated asbestos board gasket
Feem ntau siv rau cov kav xa dej, twj tso kua mis, lub valve, inlet thiab qhov hluav taws xob flanges nyob rau hauv ntau yam acidic media, nrog rau kev siv kub ntawm 80 degree thiab siab tshaj 0.6MPa.
Asbestos gaskets yog tsim rau cov cua kub tsis tshua muaj siab thiab kub siab nrog lub siab hauv qab 0.1MPa thiab kub tsis tshaj 800 degree . Thiab raws li cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom sib txawv ntawm qhov dav, thicknesses, thiab diameters. Los yog txiav tawm daim kab xev asbestos thiab siv ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm flange. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub interface ntawm loj sulfuric acid thiab nitric acid oxidation furnaces, raws li zoo raws li ib co unprocessed khoom, thiab nws cov nyhuv nyob deb tshaj qhov qub asbestos hlua.
5. Hlau qhwv asbestos ncoo
Npog cov nplooj ntawv asbestos lossis cov ntaub ntawv roj hmab asbestos nrog cov ntawv hlau tiv thaiv kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog cov nruab nrab, zam kev txo qis hauv asbestos fiber ntau zog thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob xau, yog li nthuav dav ntau yam kev siv cov ntaub ntawv roj hmab asbestos.
Qhov dav dav ntawm kev siv hlau qhwv cov ntaub qhwv asbestos yog 450 degree (qee qhov yuav ncav cuag 600 ~ 700 degree, xws li hauv cov pa roj ntawm atmospheric siab ~ 0.16MPa), thiab kev khiav hauj lwm siab yog 4MPa, nrog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws. 6 MPa. Yog hais tias lub siab nce ntxiv, lub gasket yog nquag hla ntws, thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb yog extruded los ntawm kev sib tshooj.
Vim tias lub siab ceev ceev nruj yuav tsum tau siv rau cov hlau qhwv asbestos pads, txawm tias thaum lub siab qis dua 2.45 MPa, flanges nrog qhov hnyav tsawg dua 25 kg yuav siv tsis tau. Txwv tsis pub, qhov tawv ntawm flanges thiab bolts yuav tshwm sim tsis txaus, ua rau deformation thiab ua rau lub foob tsis ua haujlwm. Qee cov neeg ntseeg tias yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hloov mus rau cov roj hmab hluavtaws nrog zoo elasticity, nws lub zog nruj yuav txo qis. Qhov tseeb, qhov no tsis yog vim hais tias tom qab cov khoom tseem ceeb yog softened, lub fastening quab yuam yog absorbed los ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb, uas tsis muaj peev xwm muab qhov tsim nyog fastening quab yuam rau cov hlau phaj kom ua raws li lub flange nto, thiab lub gasket yog yooj yim puas. . Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv xov xwm nrog ib tug siab concentration ntawm chloride ions thiab acidic media, qhov sib tshooj ntawm stainless hlau pads thiab hlau pads yog feem ntau ua rau crevice corrosion.
Yog tias qhov kub siab tshaj 450 degree, ceramic fiber lossis carbon fiber tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb. Ib tsob ntoo steel siv hlau clad ceramic fiber gaskets rau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 1100 degree, uas tsis tau puas lawm tom qab siv ob xyoos. Kev siv cov graphite hloov tau raws li cov khoom siv tseem ceeb zoo dua li cov hlau qhwv asbestos pads.
Hlau gaskets tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam duab thiab dav siv rau cov npog loj, thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm qhov, manhole flanges, thiab lwm yam.
Ib txheej ntawm cov ntawv hloov pauv graphite yog siv rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau gasket. Piv nrog cov hlau zoo sib xws uas tsis muaj txheej txheej saum npoo, qhov gasket no muaj qhov sib piv me me thiab kev sib khi zoo dua.
Siv cov graphite wrinkling daim kab xev uas twb muaj lawm rau saum npoo ntawm cov ntaub qhwv hlau, cov ntaub qhwv hlau tiaj tus, cov ntaub qhwv ntsej muag, thiab txawm tias cov roj hmab asbestos tau daws ntau yam teeb meem. Piv txwv li, lub tshav kub exchanger hauv ib lub Hoobkas muaj lub siab ntawm 5.88MPa, qhov kub ntawm 450 degree, thiab nruab nrab ntawm hydrogen / roj thiab roj. Kuv tau siv cov pav ca hlau thiab cov hniav txhuam hniav ua ntej, ob qho tib si uas muaj cov xau. Tom qab ntawd, hloov tau graphite wrinkling daim kab xev rau ntawm lub tiaj tiaj los daws qhov teeb meem no. Nws yuav tsum tau taw qhia tias daim ntawv gasket no yog ib qho kev ntsuas yooj yim los daws cov flange gasket to, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov ntaub nplaum graphite hloov tau ncaj qha cuam tshuam seb cov khoom siv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm li cas. Yog hais tias ib txheej ntawm cov kua nplaum yog siv rau sab nraum qab ntawm daim kab xev, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm txheej.
6. Hlau winding ncoo
Cov ntaub qhwv hlau siv tau zoo siv cov cua sov ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm siab, thiab lub zog ntawm cov hlau, nrog rau qhov yooj yim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog xim hlau, ua rau kev sib khi zoo dua. Ntawm lawv, kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau qhwv hloov tau yooj yim graphite pads yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Nws qhov sib npaug ua ntej yog me dua li ntawm asbestos wrapping pads, thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm asbestos fiber capillary to. Daim duab 2-10 qhia txog kev sib raug zoo nkhaus ntawm qhov sib piv ua ntej nro thiab qhov to ntawm ob. Hauv cov xov xwm roj, 0Cr13 feem ntau yog siv rau cov hlau strips, thaum 1Cr18Ni9Ti raug pom zoo rau lwm cov xov xwm.
Stainless hlau sawb hloov tau graphite winding ncoo tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov pa nruab nrab ntawm qhov siab ntawm 14.7MPa (txog 19.6MPa), thiab tuaj yeem siv txog li 30MPa hauv cov kua. Kub -190 ~ +600 degree (yuav siv tau txog li 1000 degree nyob rau hauv anaerobic thiab low-pressure).
Polytetrafluoroethylene muaj qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam, thiab nws lub zog tawm los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yog siab dua li ntawm chav tsev kub. Yog li PTFE winding pads tuaj yeem siv rau cov xov xwm tsis tshua muaj kub xws li kua hydrocarbons. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntxiv cov hlau strips txhim kho thermal conductivity, thiab kev siv kub ntawm polytetrafluoroethylene winding pads tuaj yeem ncav cuag 250 degree, uas tuaj yeem siv txog 9MPa thiab 200 degree hauv acidic media.
Kauv qhwv pads yog tsim rau cov cua kub exchangers, reactors, pipelines, li qub, thiab lub twj tso kua mis inlet thiab qhov hluav taws xob flanges nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias hloov. Rau nruab nrab mus rau siab thiab kub siab tshaj 300 degree, yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab siv lub nplhaib sab hauv, lub nplhaib sab nraud, lossis lub nplhaib sab hauv. Yog tias siv lub concave convex flange, cov ntaub qhwv nrog lub nplhaib sab hauv yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
Siv cov ntawv hloov pauv graphite ntawm ob sab ntawm cov graphite hloov pauv hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Cov khib nyiab kub boiler ntawm cov cog qoob loo loj yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev kub siab thiab kev kub siab. Nws siv cov ntaub qhwv graphite hloov tau nrog lub nplhaib sab nraud, uas tsis xau ntawm tag nrho cov load tab sis xau thaum txo qis. Ib 0.5 hli tuab hloov tau yooj yim graphite phaj tau ntxiv rau ntawm ob sab ntawm lub gasket, txiav mus rau hauv ib lub voj voog arc, thiab qhov sib koom ua ke tau sib tshooj nrog lub qhov ncauj slanted, uas ua haujlwm zoo.
7. Cov ntaub qhwv hlau tiaj tus, cov ntaub qhwv lub ntsej muag, thiab cov hniav zoo li cov ntaub qhwv lub ntsej muag Cov ntaub qhwv lub ntsej muag thiab cov ntaub qhwv hlau waveform
Feem ntau siv rau ntawm flanges ntawm nruab nrab thiab siab siab li qub, cov kav dej, thiab cov khoom siv me me. Lub siab siv nws txawv nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, nrog rau qhov qub ntawm 1.568 txog 31.36 MPa thiab tom kawg yog li ntawm 1.568 txog 3.92 MPa. Cov khoom siv gasket raug xaiv raws li qhov nruab nrab thiab qhov kub thiab txias.
8. Octagonal thiab elliptical pads
Lub octagonal gasket thiab elliptical gasket (feem ntau hu ua "lub ntiaj teb steel nplhaib" hauv kev lag luam refining) siv rau trapezoidal groove flanges muaj kev sib khi zoo. Ntawm qhov conical nto ntawm qhov zawj, lub octagonal ncoo muaj qhov sib chwv thaum lub elliptical ncoo muaj kab sib cuag. Yog li ntawd, lub elliptical ncoo muaj zoo adhesion nyob rau hauv tsawg fastening quab yuam, tab sis yuav tsum tau lwm yam fastening; Thiab octagonal pads feem ntau tsis tshua muaj dej ntws tom qab tau nruj ib zaug. Lawv qhov tsis zoo yog tias lawv yuav tsum muaj lub zog nruj nruj, thiab thaum siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis tshua muaj siab thiab kub siab, qib flange yuav tsum siab tshaj pg25 kg.